http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/39:1
http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/39:1
ملحوظة :لا بد من الدخول الى الموقع/ http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/39:1 39
Az-Zumar
The Groups
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 458
The Virtues of Surat Az-Zumar
An-Nasa'i
recorded that `A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said, "The
Messenger of Allah used to fast until we would say, `He does not want to
break fast,' and he would not fast until we would say, `He does not
want to fast.' And he used to recite Bani Isra'il (Al-Isra') and
Az-Zumar every night.''
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ تَنزِيلُ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبِ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلۡحَكِيمِ • إِنَّآ أَنزَلۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡڪِتَـٰبَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ فَٱعۡبُدِ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡلِصً۬ا لَّهُ ٱلدِّينَ •
أَلَا لِلَّهِ ٱلدِّينُ ٱلۡخَالِصُۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن
دُونِهِۦۤ أَوۡلِيَآءَ مَا نَعۡبُدُهُمۡ إِلَّا لِيُقَرِّبُونَآ إِلَى
ٱللَّهِ زُلۡفَىٰٓ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَحۡكُمُ بَيۡنَهُمۡ فِى مَا هُمۡ فِيهِ
يَخۡتَلِفُونَۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَهۡدِى مَنۡ هُوَ كَـٰذِبٌ۬ ڪَفَّارٌ۬ •
لَّوۡ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ أَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَدً۬ا لَّٱصۡطَفَىٰ مِمَّا
يَخۡلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُۚ سُبۡحَـٰنَهُ ۥۖ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡوَٲحِدُ
ٱلۡقَهَّارُ ﴾
(1.
The revelation of this Book is from Allah, the Almighty, the All-Wise.)
(2. Verily, We have sent down the Book to you in truth. So, worship
Allah by doing religious deeds sincerely for Him only.) (3. Surely, the
religion is for Allah only. And those who take protectors besides Him
(say): "We worship them only that they may bring us near to Allah.''
Verily, Allah will judge between them concerning that wherein they
differ. Truly, Allah guides not him who is a liar, and a disbeliever.)
(4. Had Allah willed to take a son, He could have chosen whom He willed
out of those whom He created. But glory be to Him! He is Allah, the One,
the Irresistible.)
The Order for Tawhid and the Refutation of Shirk
Allah
tells us that the revelation of this Book, which is the magnificent
Qur'an, is from Him, and is truth in which there is no doubt whatsoever.
This is like the Ayat:
﴿ وَإِنَّهُ ۥ لَتَنزِيلُ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَـٰلَمِينَ • نَزَلَ بِهِ ٱلرُّوحُ ٱلۡأَمِينُ • عَلَىٰ قَلۡبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُنذِرِينَ • بِلِسَانٍ عَرَبِىٍّ۬ مُّبِينٍ۬ ﴾
(And
truly, this is a revelation from the Lord of the creatures, which the
trustworthy Ruh (Jibril) has brought down upon your heart that you may
be (one) of the warners, in the plain Arabic language.) (26:192-195)
﴿ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِٱلذِّكۡرِ لَمَّا جَآءَهُمۡۖ وَإِنَّهُ ۥ لَكِتَـٰبٌ عَزِيزٌ۬ • لَّا يَأۡتِيهِ ٱلۡبَـٰطِلُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَلَا مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦۖ تَنزِيلٌ۬ مِّنۡ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ۬ ﴾
(And
verily, it is a mighty Book. Falsehood cannot come to it from before it
or behind it, (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise.)
(40: 41, 42) And Allah says here:
﴿ تَنزِيلُ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبِ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ﴾
(The revelation of this Book is from Allah, the Almighty,) meaning, the Almighty, All-Powerful.
﴿ ٱلۡحَكِيمِ ﴾
(the All-Wise.) meaning, in all that He says, does, legislates and decrees.
﴿ إِنَّآ أَنزَلۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡڪِتَـٰبَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ فَٱعۡبُدِ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡلِصً۬ا لَّهُ ٱلدِّينَ ﴾
(Verily,
We have sent down the Book to you in truth. So, worship Allah by doing
religious deeds sincerely for Him only.) means, so worship Allah Alone
with no partner or associate, and call mankind to that, and teach them
that it is not right to worship anyone or anything except Him Alone, and
He has no partner, equal or rival. Allah says:
﴿ أَلَا لِلَّهِ ٱلدِّينُ ٱلۡخَالِصُۚ ﴾
(Surely,
the religion is for Allah only.) meaning, He will not accept any deed
unless it is done purely and sincerely for Him Alone, with no partner or
associate. Then Allah tells us that the idolaters say:
﴿ مَا نَعۡبُدُهُمۡ إِلَّا لِيُقَرِّبُونَآ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ زُلۡفَىٰٓ ﴾
(We
worship them only that they may bring us near to Allah.) meaning what
motivates them to worship them is the fact that they made their idols in
the image of the angels -- or so they claim -- and when they worship
those images it is like worshipping the angels, so that they will
intercede with Allah for them to help and give them provision and other
worldly needs. As far as the resurrection is concerned, they denied it
and did not believe in it. Qatadah, As-Suddi and Malik said, narrating
from Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Zayd:
﴿ إِلَّا لِيُقَرِّبُونَآ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ زُلۡفَىٰٓ ﴾
(only
that they may bring us near to Allah. ) means, "So that they may
intercede for us and bring us closer to Him.'' During Jahiliyyah, they
used to recite the following for their Talbiyah when they performed
Hajj; "At Your service, You have no partner except the partner You have;
he and all that he owns belong to You.'' This pretentious argument
which the idolaters of all times, ancient and modern, used as evidence
is what the Messengers, may the blessings and peace of Allah be upon
them all, came to refute and forbid, and to call people to worship Allah
Alone with no partner or associate. This is something that the
idolaters themselves invented; Allah did not give them permission for
it, nor does He approve of it; indeed, He hates it and forbids it.
﴿ وَلَقَدۡ بَعَثۡنَا فِى ڪُلِّ أُمَّةٍ۬ رَّسُولاً أَنِ ٱعۡبُدُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱجۡتَنِبُواْ ٱلطَّـٰغُوتَۖ ﴾
(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah, and avoid Taghut.'') (16:36)
﴿ وَمَآ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن قَبۡلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلَّا نُوحِىٓ إِلَيۡهِ أَنَّهُ ۥ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّآ أَنَا۟ فَٱعۡبُدُونِ ﴾
(And
We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed to him
(saying): "None has the right to be worshipped but I (Allah), so worship
Me.'') (21:25) And Allah tells us that the angels in the heavens, those
who are close to Him and others, are all servants who submit humbly to
Allah. They do not intercede with Him except by His leave for the one
with whom He is pleased. They are not like the princes and ministers of
their (the idolaters') kings who intercede with them without their
permission for both those whom the kings like and those whom they hate.
﴿ فَلَا تَضۡرِبُواْ لِلَّهِ ٱلۡأَمۡثَالَۚ ﴾
(So put not forward similitudes for Allah) (16:74). Exalted be Allah far above that.
﴿ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَحۡكُمُ بَيۡنَهُمۡ ﴾
(Verily, Allah will judge between them) means, on the Day of Resurrection,
﴿ فِى مَا هُمۡ فِيهِ يَخۡتَلِفُونَۗ ﴾
(concerning
that wherein they differ.) means, He will judge between His creation on
the Day of Resurrection and will reward or punish each person according
to his deeds.
﴿ وَيَوۡمَ يَحۡشُرُهُمۡ جَمِيعً۬ا ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لِلۡمَلَـٰٓٮِٕكَةِ أَهَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ إِيَّاكُمۡ ڪَانُواْ يَعۡبُدُونَ • قَالُواْ سُبۡحَـٰنَكَ أَنتَ وَلِيُّنَا مِن دُونِهِمۖ بَلۡ كَانُواْ يَعۡبُدُونَ ٱلۡجِنَّۖ أَڪۡثَرُهُم بِہِم مُّؤۡمِنُونَ ﴾
(And
(remember) the Day when He will gather them all together, then He will
say to the angels: "Was it you that these people used to worship'' They
(the angels) will say: "Glorified be You! You are our Wali (Lord)
instead of them. Nay, but they used to worship the Jinn; most of them
were believers in them.'') (34:40-41)
﴿ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَهۡدِى مَنۡ هُوَ كَـٰذِبٌ۬ ڪَفَّارٌ۬ ﴾
(Truly,
Allah guides not him who is a liar, and a disbeliever.) means, He will
not show true guidance to one who deliberately tells lies about Allah
and whose heart rejects the signs and proof of Allah. Then Allah states
that He does not have any offspring, as the ignorant idolaters claim the
angels to be, and as the stubborn Jews and Christians claim `Uzayr and
`Isa to be. Allah, may He be blessed and exalted, says:
﴿ لَّوۡ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ أَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَدً۬ا لَّٱصۡطَفَىٰ مِمَّا يَخۡلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُۚ ﴾
(Had
Allah willed to take a son (or offspring), He could have chosen whom He
willed out of those whom He created.) meaning, the matter would not
have been as they claim. This is a conditional sentence which does not
imply that this happened or that it is permitted; indeed, it is
impossible. The aim is only to point out the ignorance of their claims.
It is like the Ayat:
﴿ لَوۡ أَرَدۡنَآ أَن نَّتَّخِذَ لَهۡوً۬ا لَّٱتَّخَذۡنَـٰهُ مِن لَّدُنَّآ إِن ڪُنَّا فَـٰعِلِينَ ﴾
(Had We intended to take a pastime, We could surely have taken it from Us, if We were going to do (that).) (21:17)
﴿ قُلۡ إِن كَانَ لِلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ وَلَدٌ۬ فَأَنَا۟ أَوَّلُ ٱلۡعَـٰبِدِينَ ﴾
(Say:
"If the Most Gracious had a son, then I am the first of worshippers.'')
(43:81) All of these Ayat are conditional, and it is permissible to
form a conditional sentence referring to something that is impossible if
it serves the purposes of the speaker.
﴿ سُبۡحَـٰنَهُ ۥۖ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡوَٲحِدُ ٱلۡقَهَّارُ ﴾
(But
glory be to Him! He is Allah, the One, the Irresistible.) means,
exalted and sanctified be He above the idea that He could have any
offspring, for He is the One, the Only, the Unique, the Self-Sufficient
Master to Whom everything is enslaved and is in need of. He is the One
Who is independent of all else, Who has subjugated all things and they
submit humbly to Him. Blessed and exalted be He far above what the
wrongdoers and deniers say.
﴿
خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ بِٱلۡحَقِّۖ يُكَوِّرُ ٱلَّيۡلَ عَلَى
ٱلنَّہَارِ وَيُكَوِّرُ ٱلنَّهَارَ عَلَى ٱلَّيۡلِۖ وَسَخَّرَ ٱلشَّمۡسَ
وَٱلۡقَمَرَۖ ڪُلٌّ۬ يَجۡرِى لِأَجَلٍ۬ مُّسَمًّىۗ أَلَا هُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ
ٱلۡغَفَّـٰرُ • خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفۡسٍ۬
وَٲحِدَةٍ۬ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِنۡہَا زَوۡجَهَا وَأَنزَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ
ٱلۡأَنۡعَـٰمِ ثَمَـٰنِيَةَ أَزۡوَٲجٍ۬ۚ يَخۡلُقُكُمۡ فِى بُطُونِ
أُمَّهَـٰتِڪُمۡ خَلۡقً۬ا مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ خَلۡقٍ۬ فِى ظُلُمَـٰتٍ۬
ثَلَـٰثٍ۬ۚ ذَٲلِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّكُمۡ لَهُ ٱلۡمُلۡكُۖ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ
إِلَّا هُوَۖ فَأَنَّىٰ تُصۡرَفُونَ ﴾
(5.
He has created the heavens and the earth with truth. He makes the night
to go in the day and makes the day to go in the night. And He has
subjected the sun and the moon. Each running for an appointed term.
Verily, He is the Almighty, the Oft-Forgiving.) (6. He created you (all)
from a single person; then made from him his wife. And He has sent down
for you of An`am eight pairs. He creates you in the wombs of your
mothers, creation after creation in three veils of darkness. Such is
Allah your Lord. His is the kingdom. La ilaha illa Huwa. How then are
you turned away)
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