http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/22:1
http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/22:1
22
Al-Hajj
The Pilgrimage
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 332
Which was revealed in Makkah
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُواْ رَبَّڪُمۡۚ إِنَّ زَلۡزَلَةَ ٱلسَّاعَةِ شَىۡءٌ عَظِيمٌ۬ •
يَوۡمَ تَرَوۡنَهَا تَذۡهَلُ ڪُلُّ مُرۡضِعَةٍ عَمَّآ أَرۡضَعَتۡ
وَتَضَعُ ڪُلُّ ذَاتِ حَمۡلٍ حَمۡلَهَا وَتَرَى ٱلنَّاسَ سُكَـٰرَىٰ وَمَا
هُم بِسُكَـٰرَىٰ وَلَـٰكِنَّ عَذَابَ ٱللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ۬ ﴾
(1.
O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord! Verily, the earthquake of the Hour
is a terrible thing.) (2. The Day you shall see it, every nursing mother
will forget her nursling, and every pregnant one will drop her load,
and you shall see mankind as in a drunken state, yet they will not be
drunk, but Allah's torment is severe.)
The Hour
Allah
commands His servants to have Taqwa of Him, He informs them of the
terrors of the Day of Resurrection which will come to them with its
earthquakes and other horrors, as He says:
﴿ إِذَا زُلۡزِلَتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ زِلۡزَالَهَا • وَأَخۡرَجَتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ أَثۡقَالَهَا ﴾
(When the earth is shaken with its (final) earthquake. And when the earth throws out its burdens.) [99:1-2]
﴿ وَحُمِلَتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ وَٱلۡجِبَالُ فَدُكَّتَا دَكَّةً۬ وَٲحِدَةً۬ • فَيَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ۬ وَقَعَتِ ٱلۡوَاقِعَةُ ﴾
(And
the earth and the mountains shall be removed from their places, and
crushed with a single crushing. Then on that Day shall the (Great) Event
befall.) [69:14-15] And;
﴿ إِذَا رُجَّتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ رَجًّ۬ا • وَبُسَّتِ ٱلۡجِبَالُ بَسًّ۬ا ﴾
(When
the earth will be shaken with a terrible shake. And the mountains will
be powdered to dust.) [56:4-5] It was said that this earthquake will
come at the end of the life span of this world, at the outset of the
Hour. Ibn Jarir recorded that `Alqamah commented on Allah's saying,
﴿ إِنَّ زَلۡزَلَةَ ٱلسَّاعَةِ شَىۡءٌ عَظِيمٌ۬ ﴾
(Verily,
the earthquake of the Hour (of Judgment) is a terrible thing.) "Before
the Hour.'' Others said that this refers to the terror, fear,
earthquakes and chaos that will happen on the Day of Resurrection, in
the arena (of Judgment), after the resurrection from the graves. This
was the view favored by Ibn Jarir, who took the following Hadiths as
evidence: Imam Ahmad recorded that `Imran bin Husayn said that when the
Messenger of Allah was on one of his journeys and some of his Companions
had fallen behind, he raised his voice and recited these two Ayat:
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُواْ رَبَّڪُمۡۚ إِنَّ زَلۡزَلَةَ ٱلسَّاعَةِ شَىۡءٌ عَظِيمٌ۬ •
يَوۡمَ تَرَوۡنَهَا تَذۡهَلُ ڪُلُّ مُرۡضِعَةٍ عَمَّآ أَرۡضَعَتۡ
وَتَضَعُ ڪُلُّ ذَاتِ حَمۡلٍ حَمۡلَهَا وَتَرَى ٱلنَّاسَ سُكَـٰرَىٰ وَمَا
هُم بِسُكَـٰرَىٰ وَلَـٰكِنَّ عَذَابَ ٱللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ۬ ﴾
(O
mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord! Verily, the earthquake of the Hour is
a terrible thing. The Day you shall see it, every nursing mother will
forget her nursling, and every pregnant one will drop her load, and you
shall see mankind as in a drunken state, yet they will not be drunken,
but Allah's torment is severe.) When his Companions heard that, they
hastened to catch up with him, because they knew that he wanted to say
something. When they reached him, he said:
«أَتَدْرُونَ
أَيُّ يَوْمٍ ذَاكَ، ذَاكَ يَوْمُ يُنَادَى آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ،
فَيُنَادِيهِ رَبُّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَيَقُولُ: يَا آدَمُ ابْعَثْ
بَعْثَكَ إِلَى النَّارِ، فَيَقُولُ: يَا رَبِّ وَمَا بَعْثُ النَّارِ؟
فَيَقُولُ: مِنْ كُلِّ أَلْفٍ تِسْعُمِائَةٍ وَتِسْعَةٌ وَتِسْعُونَ فِي
النَّارِ، وَوَاحِدٌ فِي الْجَنَّة»
(Do
you know what Day that is That is the Day when Adam will be called. His
Lord will call him and will say: "O Adam, send forth (those of your
progeny) who are to be sent to the Fire.'' He will say, "O Lord, how
many are to be sent to the Fire'' He will say, "From every thousand,
nine hundred and ninety-nine will be in the Fire and one will be in
Paradise.'') His Companions were filled with despair and stopped
smiling. When he saw that, he said:
«أَبْشِرُوا
وَاعْمَلُوا، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ إِنَّكُمْ لَمَعَ
خَلِيقَتَيْنِ مَا كَانَتَا مَعَ شَيْءٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا كَثَّرَتَاهُ
يَأْجُوجُ وَمَأْجُوجُ، وَمَنْ هَلَكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ وَبَنِي إِبْلِيس»
(Be
of good cheer and strive hard, for by the One in Whose Hand is the soul
of Muhammad, you will be counted with two creations who are of immense
numbers, Ya'juj and Ma'juj, and those who have already died of the
progeny of Adam and the progeny of Iblis.) Then they felt happier, and
he said:
«اعْمَلُوا
وَأَبْشِرُوا، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ، مَا أَنْتُمْ فِي
النَّاسِ إِلَّا كَالشَّامَةِ فِي جَنْبِ الْبَعِيرِ أَوِ الرَّقْمَةِ فِي
ذِرَاعِ الدَّابَّة»
(Strive
hard and be of good cheer, for by the One in Whose Hand is the soul of
Muhammad, in comparison to mankind you are like a mole on the flank of a
camel or a mark on the foreleg of a beast.) This was also recorded by
At-Tirmidhi and by An-Nasa'i in the Book of Tafsir in their Sunans.
At-Tirmidhi said, "It is Hasan Sahih.''
Another Version of this Hadith
At-Tirmidhi recorded from `Imran bin Husayn that when the words,
﴿ يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمُ ﴾
(O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord.) Until His saying,
﴿ وَلَـٰكِنَّ عَذَابَ ٱللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ۬ ﴾
(but Allah's torment is severe.) were revealed, the Prophet was on a journey, and he said:
«
أَتَدْرُونَ أَيُّ يَوْمٍ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالُوا: اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ.
قَالَ: ذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ يَقُولُ اللهُ لِآدَمَ: ابْعَثْ بَعْثَ النَّارِ،
قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ وَمَا بَعْثُ النَّارِ؟ قالَ: تِسْعُمِائَةٍ وَتِسْعَةٌ
وَتِسْعُونَ إِلَى النَّارِ وَوَاحِدٌ إِلَى الْجَنَّة »
(Do
you know what Day that is) They said, "Allah and His Messenger know
best.'' (He said: That is the Day on which Allah will say to Adam, "Send
forth (those of your progeny) who are to be sent to the Fire.'' He will
say, "O Lord, how many are to be sent to the Fire'' He will say, "From
every thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine will be in the Fire and one
will be in Paradise.'') The Muslims started to weep, then the Messenger
of Allah said:
«
قَارِبُوا وَسَدِّدُوا، فَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ نُبُوَّةٌ قَطُّ إِلَّا
كَانَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهَا جَاهِلِيَّةٌ، قَالَ: فَيُؤْخَذُ الْعَدَدُ مِنَ
الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَإِنْ تَمَّتْ، وَإِلَّا كُمِّلَتْ مِنَ
الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَمَا مَثَلُكُمْ وَمَثَلُ الْأُمَمِ إِلَّا كَمَثَلِ
الرَّقْمَةِ فِي ذِرَاعِ الدَّابَّةِ، أَوْ كَالشَّامَةِ فِي جَنْبِ
الْبَعِير »
(Be close in your rank and
be straight forward, for there was never any Prophet but there was a
time of ignorance just before his advent, so the number will be taken
from that time of ignorance, and if that is not enough, it will be made
up from the hypocrites. A parable of yours in comparison to the other
nations is that, you are like a mark on the foreleg of an animal, or a
mole on the flank of a camel.) Then he said,
« إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ تَكُونُوا رُبُعَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة »
(I hope that you will be a quarter of the people of Paradise.) They said, "Allahu Akbar!'' Then he said,
« إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ تَكُونُوا ثُلُثَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة »
(I hope that you will be a third of the people of Paradise.) They said, "Allahu Akbar!'' Then he said,
« إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ تَكُونُوا نِصْفَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة »
(I
hope that you will be half of the people of Paradise.) They said,
"Allahu Akbar!'' Then he (the narrator) said, "I do not know if he said
two-thirds or not.'' This was also recorded by Imam Ahmad. Then
At-Tirmidhi also said, "This is a Hasan Sahih Hadith.'' In his Tafsir,
under this Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Sa`id said, "The Prophet
said:
« يَقُولُ
اللهُ تَعَالَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ: يَا آدَمُ، فَيَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ
رَبَّنَا وَسَعْدَيْكَ، فَيُنَادَى بِصَوْتٍ: إِنَّ اللهَ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ
تُخْرِجَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِكَ بَعْثًا إِلَى النَّارِ، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ
وَمَا بَعْثُ النَّارِ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ كُلِّ أَلْفٍ أُرَاهُ قَالَ
تِسْعُمِائَةٍ وَتِسْعَةٌ وَتِسْعُونَ، فَحِينَئِذٍ تَضَعُ الْحَامِلُ
حَمْلَهَا وَيَشِيبُ الْوَلِيدُ
﴿ وَتَرَى ٱلنَّاسَ سُكَـٰرَىٰ وَمَا هُم بِسُكَـٰرَىٰ وَلَـٰكِنَّ عَذَابَ ٱللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ۬ ﴾
(On
the Day of Resurrection, Allah will say: "O Adam.'' He will say, "At
Your service, O Lord.'' Then a voice will call out: "Allah commands you
to send forth from your progeny those who are destined for the Fire.''
He will say, "O Lord, who is destined for the Fire'' He will say, "From
every thousand'' -- I think he said -- "nine hundred and ninety-nine.''
At that time every pregnant female will drop her load and children will
turn grey. (and you shall see mankind as in a drunken state, yet they
will not be drunken, but Allah's torment is severe.)) That will be so
difficult for mankind to bear that their faces will change. The Prophet
said:
« مِنْ
يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ تِسْعُمِائَةٍ وَتِسْعَةٌ وَتِسْعُونَ، وَمِنْكُمْ
وَاحِدٌ، أَنْتُمْ فِي النَّاسِ كَالشَّعْرَةِ السَّوْدَاءِ فِي جَنْبِ
الثَّوْرِ الْأَبْيَضِ، أَوْ كَالشَّعْرَةِ الْبَيْضَاءِ فِي جَنْبِ
الثَّوْرِ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ تَكُونُوا رُبُعَ أَهْلِ
الْجَنَّةِ ، فَكَبَّرْنَا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: ثُلُثَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ،
فَكَبَّرْنَا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: شَطْرَ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، فَكَبَّرْنا »
(Nine
hundred and ninety-nine from Ya'juj and Ma'juj, and one from you. Among
mankind you are like a black hair on the side of a white bull, or a
white hair on the side of a black bull. I hope that you will be one
quarter of the people of Paradise.) We said "Allahu Akbar!'' Then he
said, (A third of the people of Paradise.) We said, "Allahu Akbar!''
Then he said, (One half of the people of Paradise.) We said: `Allahu
Akbar!'' Al-Bukhari also recorded this elsewhere. It was also recorded
by Muslim, and An-Nasa'i in his Tafsir. The Hadiths and reports about
the terrors of the Day of Resurrection are very many, and this is not
the place to quote them all.
﴿ إِنَّ زَلۡزَلَةَ ٱلسَّاعَةِ شَىۡءٌ عَظِيمٌ۬ ﴾
(Verily,
the earthquake of the Hour is a terrible thing.) means, a serious
matter, a terrifying crisis, a horrendous event. This earthquake is what
will happen to people when they are filled with terror, as Allah says:
﴿ هُنَالِكَ ٱبۡتُلِىَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ وَزُلۡزِلُواْ زِلۡزَالاً۬ شَدِيدً۬ا ﴾
(There, the believers were tried and shaken with a mighty shaking.) (33:11). Then Allah says:
﴿ يَوۡمَ تَرَوۡنَهَا تَذۡهَلُ ڪُلُّ مُرۡضِعَةٍ عَمَّآ أَرۡضَعَتۡ ﴾
(The
Day you shall see it, every nursing mother will forget her nursling,)
means, she will be distracted by the horror of what she is seeing, which
will make her forget the one who is the dearest of all to her and to
whom she shows the most compassion. Her shock will make her neglect her
infant at the very moment of breastfeeding, Allah says,
﴿ ڪُلُّ مُرۡضِعَةٍ ﴾
(every nursing mother), and He did not say a mother who has an infant of breastfeeding age.
﴿ عَمَّآ أَرۡضَعَتۡ ﴾
(her nursling) means, her nursing infant that has not yet been weaned.
﴿ وَتَضَعُ ڪُلُّ ذَاتِ حَمۡلٍ حَمۡلَهَا ﴾
(and
every pregnant one will drop her load,) means, before the pre- gnancy
has reached full term, because of the intensity of the horror.
﴿ وَتَرَى ٱلنَّاسَ سُكَـٰرَىٰ ﴾
(and
you shall see mankind as in a drunken state,) means, because of the
severity of their situa- tion, when they will lose their minds, so that
whoever sees them, will think, that they are drunk,
﴿ وَمَا هُم بِسُكَـٰرَىٰ وَلَـٰكِنَّ عَذَابَ ٱللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ۬ ﴾
(yet they will not be drunken, but Allah's torment is severe.)
﴿ وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يُجَـٰدِلُ فِى ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍ۬ وَيَتَّبِعُ ڪُلَّ شَيۡطَـٰنٍ۬ مَّرِيدٍ۬ • كُتِبَ عَلَيۡهِ أَنَّهُ ۥ مَن تَوَلَّاهُ فَأَنَّهُ ۥ يُضِلُّهُ ۥ وَيَہۡدِيهِ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ ﴾
(3.
And among mankind is he who disputes about Allah, without knowledge,
and follows every rebellious Shaytan.) (4. For him (the devil) it is
decreed that whosoever follows him, he will mislead him, and will drive
him to the torment of the Fire.)
Condemnation of the Followers of the Shaytan
Allah
condemns those who deny the Resurrection and who deny that Allah is
able to restore life to the dead, those who turn away from that which
Allah has revealed to His Prophets and, in their views -- denial and
disbelief -- follow every rebellious Shaytan among men and Jinn. This is
the state of the followers of innovation and misguidance, who turn away
from the truth and follow falsehood, following the words of the leaders
of misguidance who call people to follow innovation and their own
desires and opinions. Allah says concerning them and their like,
﴿ وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يُجَـٰدِلُ فِى ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍ۬ ﴾
(And among mankind is he who disputes about Allah, without knowledge,) meaning, without sound knowledge.
﴿ وَيَتَّبِعُ ڪُلَّ شَيۡطَـٰنٍ۬ مَّرِيدٍ۬ • كُتِبَ عَلَيۡهِ ﴾
(and
follows every rebellious Shaytan. For him it is decreed.) Mujahid said,
"This refers to that Shaytan.'' meaning that is a matter written in the
decree.
﴿ أَنَّهُ ۥ مَن تَوَلَّاهُ ﴾
(that whosoever follows him,) and imitates him,
﴿ فَأَنَّهُ ۥ يُضِلُّهُ ۥ وَيَہۡدِيهِ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ ﴾
(he
will mislead him, and will drive him to the torment of the Fire.)
means, he will mislead him in this world, and in the Hereafter he will
drive him to the torment of the Fire, which is unbearably hot, painful
and agonizing. As-Suddi reported that Abu Malik said, "This Ayah was
revealed about An-Nadr bin Al-Harith. This was also the view of Ibn
Jurayj.
﴿
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِن كُنتُمۡ فِى رَيۡبٍ۬ مِّنَ ٱلۡبَعۡثِ فَإِنَّا
خَلَقۡنَـٰكُم مِّن تُرَابٍ۬ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ۬ ثُمَّ مِنۡ عَلَقَةٍ۬
ثُمَّ مِن مُّضۡغَةٍ۬ مُّخَلَّقَةٍ۬ وَغَيۡرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ۬ لِّنُبَيِّنَ
لَكُمۡۚ وَنُقِرُّ فِى ٱلۡأَرۡحَامِ مَا نَشَآءُ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍ۬
مُّسَمًّ۬ى ثُمَّ نُخۡرِجُكُمۡ طِفۡلاً۬ ثُمَّ لِتَبۡلُغُوٓاْ
أَشُدَّڪُمۡۖ وَمِنڪُم مَّن يُتَوَفَّىٰ وَمِنڪُم مَّن يُرَدُّ إِلَىٰٓ
أَرۡذَلِ ٱلۡعُمُرِ لِڪَيۡلَا يَعۡلَمَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ عِلۡمٍ۬ شَيۡـًٔ۬اۚ
وَتَرَى ٱلۡأَرۡضَ هَامِدَةً۬ فَإِذَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهَا ٱلۡمَآءَ
ٱهۡتَزَّتۡ وَرَبَتۡ وَأَنۢبَتَتۡ مِن ڪُلِّ زَوۡجِۭ بَهِيجٍ۬ • ذَٲلِكَ بِأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلۡحَقُّ وَأَنَّهُ ۥ يُحۡىِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ وَأَنَّهُ ۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ۬ • وَأَنَّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ ءَاتِيَةٌ۬ لَّا رَيۡبَ فِيہَا وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَبۡعَثُ مَن فِى ٱلۡقُبُورِ ﴾
(5.
O mankind! If you are in doubt about the Resurrection, then verily, We
have created you from dust, then from a Nutfah, then from a clot then
from a little lump of flesh -- some formed and some unformed -- that We
may make (it) clear to you. And We cause whom We will to remain in the
wombs for an appointed term, then We bring you out as infants, then
(give you growth) that you may reach your age of full strength. And
among you there is he who dies (young), and among you there is he who is
brought back to the miserable old age, so that he knows nothing after
having known. And you see the earth Hamidatan, but when We send down
water on it, it is stirred (to life), and it swells and puts forth every
lovely kind (of growth).) (6. That is because Allah: He is the Truth,
and it is He Who gives life to the dead, and it is He Who is able to do
all things.) (7. And surely, the Hour is coming, there is no doubt about
it; and certainly, Allah will resurrect those who are in the graves.)
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