http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/42:1
http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/42:1
42
Ash-Shura
The Consultation
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 483
Which was revealed in Makkah
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ حمٓ • عٓسٓقٓ • كَذَٲلِكَ يُوحِىٓ إِلَيۡكَ وَإِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ • لَهُ ۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَلِىُّ ٱلۡعَظِيمُ •
تَكَادُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتُ يَتَفَطَّرۡنَ مِن فَوۡقِهِنَّۚ
وَٱلۡمَلَـٰٓٮِٕكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّہِمۡ وَيَسۡتَغۡفِرُونَ
لِمَن فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ أَلَآ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلۡغَفُورُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ • وَٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِهِۦۤ أَوۡلِيَآءَ ٱللَّهُ حَفِيظٌ عَلَيۡہِمۡ وَمَآ أَنتَ عَلَيۡہِم بِوَكِيلٍ۬ ﴾
(1.
Ha Mim.) (2. `Ain Sin Qaf.) (3. Likewise Allah, the Almighty, the
All-Wise sends revelation to you as to those before you.) (4. To Him
belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth, and He
is the Most High, the Most Great.) (5. Nearly the heavens might be rent
asunder from above them, and the angels glorify the praises of their
Lord, and ask for forgiveness for those on the earth. Lo, Verily, Allah
is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.) (6. And as for those who take
as protecting friends others besides Him -- Allah is Hafiz over them,
and you are not a trustee over them.)
The Revelation and Allah's Might
We have previously discussed the individual letters.
﴿ كَذَٲلِكَ يُوحِىٓ إِلَيۡكَ وَإِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ﴾
(Likewise
Allah, the Almighty, the All-Wise sends revelation to you as to those
before you.) means, `just as this Qur'an has been revealed to you, so
too the Books and Scriptures were revealed to the Prophets who came
before you.'
﴿ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ﴾
(Allah, the Almighty) means, in His vengeance
﴿ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ﴾
(the
All-Wise) means, in all that He says and does. Imam Malik, may Allah
have mercy on him, narrated that `A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with
her) said, "Al-Harith bin Hisham asked the Messenger of Allah, `O
Messenger of Allah, how does the revelation come to you' The Messenger
of Allah said:
«
أَحْيَانًا يَأْتِينِي مِثْلَ صَلْصَلَةِ الْجَرَسِ، وَهُوَ أَشَدُّهُ
عَلَيَّ فَيَفْصِمُ عَنِّي وَقَدْ وَعَيْتُ مَا قَالَ، وَأَحْيَانًا
يَأْتِينِي الْمَلَكُ رَجُلًا فَيُكَلِّمُنِي فَأَعِي مَا يَقُول »
(Sometimes
it comes to me like the ringing of a bell, which is the most difficult
for me; then it goes away, and I understand what was said. And sometimes
the angel comes to me in the image of a man, and he speaks to me and I
understand what he says.)'' `A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her)
said, "I saw him receiving the revelation on a very cold day, and when
it departed from him, there were beads of sweat on his forehead.'' It
was also reported in the Two Sahihs, and the version quoted here is that
recorded by Al-Bukhari.
﴿ لَهُ ۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ ﴾
(To
Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth,)
means, everything is subject to His dominion and control.
﴿ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَلِىُّ ٱلۡعَظِيمُ ﴾
(and He is the Most High, the Most Great.) This is like the Ayat:
﴿ ٱلۡڪَبِيرُ ٱلۡمُتَعَالِ ﴾
(the Most Great, the Most High) (13:9), and
﴿ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَلِىُّ ٱلۡكَبِيرُ ﴾
(He is the Most High, the Most Great) (22:62). And there are many similar Ayat.
﴿ تَكَادُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتُ يَتَفَطَّرۡنَ مِن فَوۡقِهِنَّۚ ﴾
(Nearly
the heavens might be rent asunder from above them,) Ibn `Abbas (may
Allah be pleased with him) Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ka`b
Al-Ahbar said, "Out of fear of His might.''
﴿ وَٱلۡمَلَـٰٓٮِٕكَةُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّہِمۡ وَيَسۡتَغۡفِرُونَ لِمَن فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ ﴾
(and the angels glorify the praises of their Lord, and ask for forgiveness for those on the earth.) This is like the Ayah:
﴿
ٱلَّذِينَ يَحۡمِلُونَ ٱلۡعَرۡشَ وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَهُ ۥ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمۡدِ
رَبِّہِمۡ وَيُؤۡمِنُونَ بِهِۦ وَيَسۡتَغۡفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ
رَبَّنَا وَسِعۡتَ ڪُلَّ شَىۡءٍ۬ رَّحۡمَةً۬ وَعِلۡمً۬ا ﴾
(Those
who bear the Throne and those around it glorify the praises of their
Lord, and believe in Him, and ask forgiveness for those who believe
(saying): "Our Lord! You comprehend all things in mercy and
knowledge,'') (40:7)
﴿ أَلَآ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلۡغَفُورُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ﴾
(Lo! Verily, Allah is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.) This is a reminder, to take heed of this fact.
﴿ وَٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِهِۦۤ أَوۡلِيَآءَ ﴾
(And as for those who take as protecting friends others besides Him) This refers to the idolaters,
﴿ ٱللَّهُ حَفِيظٌ عَلَيۡہِمۡ ﴾
(Allah
is Hafiz over them.) meaning, He is Witness to their deeds, recording
and enumerating them precisely, and He will requite them for them in
full.
﴿ وَمَآ أَنتَ عَلَيۡہِم بِوَكِيلٍ۬ ﴾
(and you are not a trustee over them.) meaning, `you are just a warner, and Allah is the Trustee of all affairs.'
﴿
وَكَذَٲلِكَ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ قُرۡءَانًا عَرَبِيًّ۬ا لِّتُنذِرَ
أُمَّ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَهَا وَتُنذِرَ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡجَمۡعِ لَا رَيۡبَ
فِيهِۚ فَرِيقٌ۬ فِى ٱلۡجَنَّةِ وَفَرِيقٌ۬ فِى ٱلسَّعِيرِ •
وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَجَعَلَهُمۡ أُمَّةً۬ وَٲحِدَةً۬ وَلَـٰكِن
يُدۡخِلُ مَن يَشَآءُ فِى رَحۡمَتِهِۦۚ وَٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ مَا لَهُم مِّن
وَلِىٍّ۬ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ ﴾
(7.
And thus We have revealed to you a Qur'an in Arabic that you may warn
the Mother of the Towns and all around it, and warn (them) of the Day of
Assembling of which there is no doubt, a party will be in Paradise and a
party in the blazing Fire.) (8. And if Allah had willed, He could have
made them one nation, but He admits whom He wills to His mercy. And the
wrongdoers will have neither a protector nor a helper.)
The Qur'an was revealed to serve as a Warning
Allah says, `just as We sent revelation to the Prophets before you,'
﴿ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ قُرۡءَانًا عَرَبِيًّ۬ا ﴾
(thus We have revealed to you a Qur'an in Arabic) meaning, plain, clear, and manifest
﴿ لِّتُنذِرَ أُمَّ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ ﴾
(that you may warn the Mother of the Towns), i.e., Makkah,
﴿ وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَهَا ﴾
(and
all around it,) means, all the lands, east and west. Makkah is called
Umm Al-Qura (the Mother of the Towns) because it is nobler than all
other lands, as indicated by much evidence that has been discussed
elsewhere. Among the most concise and clear proofs of that is the report
recorded by Imam Ahmad from `Abdullah bin `Adi bin Al-Hamra' Az-Zuhri,
who heard the Messenger of Allah say, as he was standing in the market
place of Makkah;
« وَاللهِ إِنَّكِ لَخَيْرُ أَرْضِ اللهِ وَأَحَبُّ أَرْضِ اللهِ إِلَى اللهِ، وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي أُخْرِجْتُ مِنْكِ مَا خَرَجْت »
(By
Allah, you are the best land of Allah, the most beloved land to Allah;
were it not for the fact that I was driven out from you, I would never
have left you.) This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn
Majah; At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih. ''
﴿ وَتُنذِرَ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡجَمۡعِ ﴾
(and
warn (them) of the Day of Assembling) i.e., the Day of Resurrection,
when Allah will assemble the first and the last in one plain.
﴿ لَا رَيۡبَ فِيهِۚ ﴾
(of which there is no doubt,) means, there is no doubt that it will happen and will most certainly come to pass.
﴿ فَرِيقٌ۬ فِى ٱلۡجَنَّةِ وَفَرِيقٌ۬ فِى ٱلسَّعِيرِ ﴾
(a party will be in Paradise and a party in the blazing Fire.) This is like the Ayah:
﴿ يَوۡمَ يَجۡمَعُكُمۡ لِيَوۡمِ ٱلۡجَمۡعِۖ ذَٲلِكَ يَوۡمُ ٱلتَّغَابُنِۗ ﴾
((And
remember) the Day when He will gather you (all) on the Day of
Gathering, --- that will be the Day of mutual loss and gain) (64:9).
which means that the people of Paradise and the people of Hell will gain
and lose, respectively. And it is like the Ayah:
﴿
إِنَّ فِى ذَٲلِكَ لَأَيَةً۬ لِّمَنۡ خَافَ عَذَابَ ٱلۡأَخِرَةِۚ ذَٲلِكَ
يَوۡمٌ۬ مَّجۡمُوعٌ۬ لَّهُ ٱلنَّاسُ وَذَٲلِكَ يَوۡمٌ۬ مَّشۡهُودٌ۬ • وَمَا نُؤَخِّرُهُ ۥۤ إِلَّا لِأَجَلٍ۬ مَّعۡدُودٍ۬ • يَوۡمَ يَأۡتِ لَا تَڪَلَّمُ نَفۡسٌ إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِهِۦۚ فَمِنۡهُمۡ شَقِىٌّ۬ وَسَعِيدٌ۬ ﴾
(Indeed
in that (there) is a sure lesson for those who fear the torment of the
Hereafter. That is a Day whereon will be gathered together, and that is a
Day when all (the dwellers of the heavens and the earth) will be
present. And We delay it only for a term fixed. On the Day when it
comes, no person shall speak except by His leave. Some among them will
be wretched and (others) blessed.) (11:103-105) Imam Ahmad recorded that
`Abdullah bin `Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "The Messenger
of Allah came out to us, holding two books in his hand. He said,
« أَتَدْرُونَ مَا هذَانِ الْكِتَابَانِ؟ »
(Do
you know what these two books are) We said, "We do not know unless you
tell us, O Messenger of Allah.'' Concerning the book in his right hand,
He said:
« هَذَا
كِتَابٌ مِنْ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ بِأَسْمَاءِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ
وَأَسْمَاءِ آبَائِهِمْ وَقَبَائِلِهِمْ، ثُمَّ أُجْمِلَ عَلى آخِرِهِمْ،
لَا يُزَادُ فِيهِمْ وَلَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْهُمْ أبدًا »
(This
is a book from the Lord of the worlds, containing the names of the
people of Paradise and of their fathers and tribes; all of them are
detailed, down to the last one of them, and nothing will be added or
taken away from it.) Then concerning the book in his left hand, he said:
«
هَذَا كِتَابُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ وَأَسْمَاءِ آبَائِهِمْ
وَقَبَائِلِهِمْ، ثُمَّ أُجْمِلَ عَلى آخِرِهِمْ، لَا يُزَادُ فِيهِمْ
وَلَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْهُمْ أَبَدًا »
(This
is the book of the people of Hell, containing their names and the names
of their fathers and tribes, all of them are detailed down to the last
one of them, and nothing will be added or taken away from it.) The
Companions of the Messenger of Allah said, "Why should we strive if it
is something that is already cut and dried'' The Messenger of Allah
said:
«
سَدِّدُوا وَقَارِبُوا فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ الْجَنَّةِ يُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِعَمَلِ
أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنْ عَمِلَ أَيَّ عَمَلٍ، وَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ النَّارِ
يُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، وَإِنْ عَمِلَ أَيَّ عَمَل »
(Strive
with your deeds as hard as you can for middle course or close to it,
for the person who is destined for Paradise will die doing the deeds of
the people of Paradise, regardless of what he did before, and the person
who is destined for Hell will die doing the deeds of the people of
Hell, regardless of what he did before.) Then he made a gesture with his
fist and said,
« فَرَغَ رَبُّكُمْ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنَ الْعِبَاد »
(Your Lord has settled the matter of His servants) and he opened his right hand as if throwing something;
« فَرِيقٌ فِي الْجَنَّة »
(A party in Paradise.) and he made a similar gesture with his left hand;
« فَرِيقٌ فِي السَّعِير »
(And
a party in the blazing Fire.)'' This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi,
and An-Nasa'i; At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib.'' Imam Ahmad
recorded that Abu Nadrah said, "One of the Companions of the Prophet,
whose name was Abu Abdullah, was visited by some of his friends, and
they found him weeping. They asked him, `What has caused you to weep
Didn't the Messenger of Allah say to you,
« خُذْ مِنْ شَارِبِكَ ثُمَّ أَقِرَّهُ حَتَّى تَلْقَانِي »
(Trim your moustache and adhere to that practice until you meet me)' He said, `Yes, but I heard the Messenger of Allah say;
«
إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَبَضَ بِيَمِينِهِ قَبْضَةً وَأُخْرَى بِالْيَدِ
الْأُخْرَى، قَالَ: هذِهِ لِهذِهِ، وَهذِهِ لِهذِهِ، وَلَا أُبَالِي »
(Allah
picked up a handful in His Right Hand and another in His other Hand,
and said, "This is for this and this is for this, and I do not care.'')
`And I do not know in which of the two handfuls I am.''' There are
several Hadiths about Al-Qadr (the Divine Decree) in the books of Sahih,
Sunan and Musnad. Including those narrated by `Ali, Ibn Mas`ud,
`A'ishah and a large number of Companions, may Allah be pleased with
them all.
﴿ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَجَعَلَهُمۡ أُمَّةً۬ وَٲحِدَةً۬ ﴾
(And
if Allah had willed, He could have made them one nation,) means, either
all following guidance or all following misguidance, but He made them
all different, and He guides whomsoever He wills to the truth and He
sends astray whomsoever He wills, and He has complete wisdom and perfect
proof. Allah says:
﴿ وَلَـٰكِن يُدۡخِلُ مَن يَشَآءُ فِى رَحۡمَتِهِۦۚ وَٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ مَا لَهُم مِّن وَلِىٍّ۬ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ ﴾
(but He admits whom He wills to His mercy. And the wrongdoers will have neither a protector nor a helper.)
﴿
أَمِ ٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِهِۦۤ أَوۡلِيَآءَۖ فَٱللَّهُ هُوَ ٱلۡوَلِىُّ
وَهُوَ يُحۡىِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ۬ •
وَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفۡتُمۡ فِيهِ مِن شَىۡءٍ۬ فَحُكۡمُهُ ۥۤ إِلَى ٱللَّهِۚ
ذَٲلِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ رَبِّى عَلَيۡهِ تَوَڪَّلۡتُ وَإِلَيۡهِ أُنِيبُ •
فَاطِرُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنۡ أَنفُسِكُمۡ
أَزۡوَٲجً۬ا وَمِنَ ٱلۡأَنۡعَـٰمِ أَزۡوَٲجً۬اۖ يَذۡرَؤُكُمۡ فِيهِۚ
لَيۡسَ كَمِثۡلِهِۦ شَىۡءٌ۬ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلۡبَصِيرُ •
لَهُ ۥ مَقَالِيدُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ يَبۡسُطُ ٱلرِّزۡقَ لِمَن
يَشَآءُ وَيَقۡدِرُۚ إِنَّهُ ۥ بِكُلِّ شَىۡءٍ عَلِيمٌ۬ ﴾
(9.
Or have they taken protecting friends besides Him But Allah --- He
Alone is the protector. And He Who gives life to the dead, and He is
Able to do all things.) (10. And in whatsoever you differ, the decision
thereof is with Allah. Such is Allah, my Lord in Whom I put my trust,
and to Him I turn in repentance.) (11. The Creator of the heavens and
the earth. He has made for you mates from yourselves, and for the cattle
(also) mates. By this means He creates you. There is nothing like Him,
and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer.) (12. To Him belong the keys of
the heavens and the earth. He enlarges provision for whom He wills, and
straitens. Verily, He is the All-Knower of everything.)
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