http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/31:1
http://www.recitequran.com/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/31:1
31
Luqman
Luqman
Ibn Kathir - English
Verse
1
Page 411
Which was revealed in Makkah
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
﴿ الٓمٓ • تِلۡكَ ءَايَـٰتُ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبِ ٱلۡحَكِيمِ • هُدً۬ى وَرَحۡمَةً۬ لِّلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ • ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤۡتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَهُم بِٱلۡأَخِرَةِ هُمۡ يُوقِنُونَ • أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ عَلَىٰ هُدً۬ى مِّن رَّبِّهِمۡۖ وَأُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ ﴾
(1.
Alif Lam Mim.) (2. These are Ayat of the Wise Book.) (3. A guide and a
mercy for the Muhsinin.) (4. Those who perform the Salah and give Zakah
and they have faith in the Hereafter with certainty.) (5. Such are on
guidance from their Lord, and such are the successful.) At the beginning
of Surat Al-Baqarah we discussed the letters such as those that appear
at the beginning of this Surah. Allah has made the Qur'an a guidance and
healing and a mercy for the Muhsinin, who are those who do good deeds
in accordance with the Shari`ah. They establish the obligatory prayers
in the proper manner and at the correct times, and follow that with
regular, optional and supererogatory prayers; they pay the Zakah to
those who deserve it; they uphold the ties of kinship with their
relatives; they have certain faith that there will be rewards and
punishments in the Hereafter, and they seek the reward with Allah; they
do not show off or seek a reward or thanks from other people. Whoever
does this is one of those of whom Allah says:
﴿ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ عَلَىٰ هُدً۬ى مِّن رَّبِّهِمۡۖ ﴾
(Such are on guidance from their Lord,) meaning, they follow His guidance with clear understanding.
﴿ وَأُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ ﴾
(and such are the successful.) in this world and in the Hereafter.
﴿
وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَشۡتَرِى لَهۡوَ ٱلۡحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ
ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍ۬ وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُوًاۚ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ لَهُمۡ
عَذَابٌ۬ مُّهِينٌ۬ • وَإِذَا تُتۡلَىٰ
عَلَيۡهِ ءَايَـٰتُنَا وَلَّىٰ مُسۡتَڪۡبِرً۬ا كَأَن لَّمۡ يَسۡمَعۡهَا
كَأَنَّ فِىٓ أُذُنَيۡهِ وَقۡرً۬اۖ فَبَشِّرۡهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ﴾
(6.
And of mankind is he who purchases idle talk (Lahw Al-Hadith) to
mislead from the path of Allah without knowledge, and takes it by way of
mockery. For such there will be a humiliating torment.) (7. And when
Our Ayat are recited to such a one, he turns away in pride, as if he
heard them not -- as if there were deafness in his ear. So announce to
him a painful torment.)
The Doomed are preoccupied with Idle Talk and They turn away from the Ayat of Allah
When Allah mentions the blessed -- who are those who are guided by the Book of Allah and benefit from hearing it, as He says:
﴿
ٱللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحۡسَنَ ٱلۡحَدِيثِ كِتَـٰبً۬ا مُّتَشَـٰبِهً۬ا
مَّثَانِىَ تَقۡشَعِرُّ مِنۡهُ جُلُودُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخۡشَوۡنَ رَبَّہُمۡ
ثُمَّ تَلِينُ جُلُودُهُمۡ وَقُلُوبُهُمۡ إِلَىٰ ذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِۚ ﴾
(Allah
has sent down the Best Statement, a Book, its parts resembling each
other (and) oft-repeated. The skins of those who fear their Lord shiver
from it. Then their skin and their heart soften to the remembrance of
Allah) (39:23). He connect that with mention of the doomed, those who
turn away from the Qur'an and do not benefit from hearing the Words of
Allah. Instead, they turn to listening to flutes and singing accompanied
by musical instruments. As Ibn Mas`ud commented about the Ayah:
﴿ وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَشۡتَرِى لَهۡوَ ٱلۡحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ﴾
(And
of mankind is he who purchases Lahu Al-Hadith to mislead (men) from the
path of Allah), he said, "This -- by Allah -- refers to singing.''
﴿ وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَشۡتَرِى لَهۡوَ ٱلۡحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍ۬ ﴾
(And
of mankind is he who purchases Lahw Al-Hadith to mislead (men) from the
path of Allah without knowledge,) Qatadah said: "By Allah, he may not
spend money on it, but his purchasing it means he likes it, and the more
misguided he is, the more he likes it and the more he prefers falsehood
to the truth and harmful things over beneficial things.'' It was said
that what is meant by the words
﴿ يَشۡتَرِى لَهۡوَ ٱلۡحَدِيثِ ﴾
(purchases
idle talks) is buying singing servant girls. Ibn Jarir said that it
means all speech that hinders people from seeing the signs of Allah and
following His path. His saying:
﴿ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ﴾
(to mislead (men) from the path of Allah) means, he does this to oppose Islam and its followers.
﴿ وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُوًاۚ ﴾
(and takes it by way of mockery.) Mujahid said, "This means mocking the path of Allah and making fun of it.''
﴿ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ۬ مُّهِينٌ۬ ﴾
(For
such there will be a humiliating torment.) Just as they showed no
respect to the signs and path of Allah, so they will be shown no respect
on the Day of Resurrection, and they will be subjected to a painful,
ongoing torment. Then Allah says:
﴿ وَإِذَا تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِ ءَايَـٰتُنَا وَلَّىٰ مُسۡتَڪۡبِرً۬ا كَأَن لَّمۡ يَسۡمَعۡهَا كَأَنَّ فِىٓ أُذُنَيۡهِ وَقۡرً۬اۖ ﴾
(And
when Our Ayat are recited to such a one, he turns away in pride, as if
he heard them not -- as if there were deafness in his ear.) means, when
these Qur'anic verses are recited to one who is fond of idleness and
play, he turns away from them and does not want to hear them. He turns a
deaf ear to them as if he can hear nothing, because it annoys him to
hear them since he gains no benefit from them and has no interest in
them.
﴿ فَبَشِّرۡهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ﴾
(So
announce to him a painful torment.) i.e., on the Day of Resurrection,
which will hurt him just as much as listening to the Book of Allah and
its verses hurt him.
﴿ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ لَهُمۡ جَنَّـٰتُ ٱلنَّعِيمِ • خَـٰلِدِينَ فِيہَاۖ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقًّ۬اۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَڪِيمُ ﴾
(8.
Verily, those who believe and do righteous good deeds, for them are
Gardens of Delight.) (9. To abide therein. It is a promise of Allah in
truth. And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.)
The Good Destiny of the Believers
Here
Allah mentions the destiny of the righteous in the Hereafter, those who
believe in Allah and His Messenger and do righteous deeds in accordance
with the Laws of Allah.
﴿ لَهُمۡ جَنَّـٰتُ ٱلنَّعِيمِ ﴾
(for
them are Gardens of Delight.) means, there they will enjoy all kinds of
delights and pleasures, food, drink, clothing, dwelling-places, means
of transportation, women, a light of beauty and delightful sounds, which
have never crossed the mind of any human being. They will stay there
forever, never leaving and never desiring change.
﴿ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقًّ۬اۚ ﴾
(It
is a promise of Allah in truth.) meaning, this will undoubtedly come to
pass, for it is a promise from Allah, and Allah never breaks His
promise, because He is the Most Generous Bestower Who does what He wills
and is able to do all things.
﴿ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ﴾
(And He is the All-Mighty,) Who has subjugated all things and to Whom all things submit,
﴿ ٱلۡحَڪِيمُ ﴾
(the All-Wise.) in what He says and what He does, Who has made this Qur'an a guidance to the believers.
﴿
قُلۡ هُوَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ هُدً۬ى وَشِفَآءٌ۬ۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ لَا
يُؤۡمِنُونَ فِىٓ ءَاذَانِهِمۡ وَقۡرٌ۬ وَهُوَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ عَمًىۚ ﴾
(Say:
"It is for those who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for those
who disbelieve, there is heaviness (deafness) in their ears, and it is
blindness for them) (41:44).
﴿ وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ مَا هُوَ شِفَآءٌ۬ وَرَحۡمَةٌ۬ لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَۙ وَلَا يَزِيدُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ إِلَّا خَسَارً۬ا ﴾
(And
We send down of the Qur'an that which is a healing and a mercy to those
who believe, and it increases the wrongdoers nothing but loss.) (17:82)
﴿
خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ بِغَيۡرِ عَمَدٍ۬ تَرَوۡنَہَاۖ وَأَلۡقَىٰ فِى
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ رَوَٲسِىَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِكُمۡ وَبَثَّ فِيہَا مِن كُلِّ
دَآبَّةٍ۬ۚ وَأَنزَلۡنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً۬ فَأَنۢبَتۡنَا فِيہَا
مِن ڪُلِّ زَوۡجٍ۬ كَرِيمٍ • هَـٰذَا خَلۡقُ ٱللَّهِ فَأَرُونِى مَاذَا خَلَقَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن دُونِهِۦۚ بَلِ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ فِى ضَلَـٰلٍ۬ مُّبِينٍ۬ ﴾
(10.
He has created the heavens without any pillars that you see, and has
set on the earth firm mountains lest it should shake with you. And He
has scattered therein moving creatures of all kinds. And We send down
water from the sky, and We cause (plants) of every goodly kind to grow
therein in pairs,) (11. This is the creation of Allah. So, show Me that
which those besides Him have created. Nay, the wrongdoers are in plain
error.)
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